Tsunami vertical evacuation (TVE) is an option for shelter locations during the occurrence of tsunamis. During this limited evacuation time, self-initiated evacuations on foot to higher places are considered more effective than with the use of vehicles due to the heavy traffic and possible road damage because of the previous earthquake (Wood et al. In near-field tsunami occurrences, at-risk coastal communities must evacuate immediately due to the short time before the first tsunami wave inundates the coast. The vertical evacuation process is one of the short-term and relatively effective evacuation alternatives to minimize casualties (FEMA P-646 2019 Ashar et al. An effective tsunami evacuation process plays an important role in minimizing loss of life, and is categorized into horizontal and vertical evacuations. With this increased exposure, evacuation planning must be carefully designed. Intensive tourism activities in this regency contribute to increased tsunami vulnerability, and the growing number of tourists has raised the vulnerability level, as more people are exposed to tsunami risk (Marfai et al. The coastal area of Gunungkidul is located on the southern coast of Java. The southern coast of Java is considered to be the most at-risk area in Indonesia due to its population density and location adjacent to the subduction zone of the Indo-Australian tectonic plates (Hall et al. More than 4.35 million people in Sumatra, Java, and Bali are exposed to the hazard of tsunamis (Post et al. The 2004 tsunami event triggered by a 9.1 magnitude earthquake in Sumatra, which killed over 200,000 people, has raised global awareness of tsunamis (Engel and Brückner 2011 Adyan 2008). With the longest coastline in the world, and with its location in the “ring of fire,” Indonesia is highly exposed to tsunami hazards. Tsunamis are severe catastrophic events that threaten many coastal communities throughout the world. Optimum locations can minimize travel time, provide adequate capacity, and be safe from inundation. The results of the study provide an overview of determining the evacuation routes and shelters. They provide an evaluation of the location of the assembly points and evacuation routes provided by the government, which have been considered ineffective because of the inappropriate model. The results of the model show that TVE is the main alternative in tsunami evacuation planning beside horizontal evacuation. The slope value was also used as a surface cost that will affect the travel time to the TVE shelters. Land cover identification from high-scale orthomosaic images showed the variation in speed conservation values (SCVs). The tsunami inundation model was calculated based on neighboring operations using raster calculator from the elevation value in the DEM. High-resolution orthomosaic images and digital elevation model (DEM) generated from the structure from motion (SfM) process were used as the main data. The topographic condition of the karst cone could be an ideal location for tsunami vertical evacuation (TVE). We use the coastal of Drini, Gunungkidul, Java, Indonesia, as the study area, which is located in a tropical coastal karst region, with a typical karst cone formation. It can be established from least cost distance (LCD) anisotropic model. Determining the evacuation routes and safe areas is equally important in tsunami evacuation planning. **This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).Tsunami evacuation is a short process that must be carried out in minutes. (/ville-de-montreal/lidar-aerien-2015) are also available on the portal. The (), on (/ville-de-montreal/maquette-numeric-plateau-mont-royal-batiments-lod2-with-textures), or the (/city-of-montreal/numeric-model-building-citygml-lod2-with-textures) complement the digital terrain model in Montréal's urban territorial representation. It should be noted that the data made available by the City is proposed for planning purposes and not for construction purposes given the decimetric details attached to it. This representation can serve as a basis for the 3D buildings of the digital base model.
#Digital terrain model for michigan government series
The vertices are connected to a series of segments to form a mesh of triangles of different dimensions. These are polygon numerical geographic data constructed by triangulating a set of points. The available data are in the form of an irregular triangular mesh (TIN). Digital Terrain Model The Digital Terrain Model (DEM) is a simplified representation of soil altimetry.